Departments of the laboratory:


  1. Department of the penetrating electroncic microscope (TEM)
  2. Department of the scanning electronic microscope (SEM).
  3. Instrument of analyzing items using X-rays (EDXRF) or (energy Dispersive x-ray spectrometer).
  4.  Instrument of chromatographic Analysis and Seperation (HPLC).
  5. Advanced research microscope using system of image analysis (Research microscope & Image Analysis System).
  6.  Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.
  7. Instrument of Gas chromatography Analysis and Seperation (GC).
  8. (FTIR) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer
  9. X-ray diffraction (XRD).
  10. Microbiology laboratory.
  11. Analysis of water and soil.
  12.  Supplementary and helping instruments.
  13. The new expansions of the laboratory

Department of Pentetrating electronic microscope (TEM):

 This unit includes an electronic microscope (JEOL1010) with an advanced ability reaching “approximately million numbers”. In addition, this microscope is attatched with a “Kodak” camera connected to a computer containing a program for analyzing images. In addition, this computer is able to make montage as well as abilities of enhancing images through increasing or decreasing the two contrastive colours “white” and “black”, controlling image size, mixing more than one image, writing any other details on images. All these abilities enable a researcher to get an immediate image of the tissues being checked. Researchers also could get these images on CDs or lazer disks or they could print thes images directly on papers which are accepted for international publication or they could follow the classical methods of photocopying uing films. The microscope has other supplementary and aiding instruments such as the microtom for making minute sectors as well as instruments for samples preparation for check and analysis.

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Some Applications:

  1. Checking animal and botany tissues microbilogically and identifying infected cells.
  2. Checking human tissues for recognizing some diseases.
  3. Checking cotton and dermatological tissues.
  4. Analyzing elements physically using “Diffraction”.
  5.  Checking crystals of certain chemicals, polymers or other applications.
  6.  Monitoring quality in most industries and products.

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Department of the scanning electronic microscope (SEM):

   This unit includes the microscope (JEOL 5500 LV) for checking different types of samples externally whether these samples are solid minerals or powder or biological samples (LV) or (HV). This microscope is supplemented by the following items:

  1. X-ray microanalysis (EDS) : Oxford – model (Isis Link) which could analyse items from boron to Uranium (B5-U92). This microscope could also draw a diagram for these items calryifing its constituting ratios as well as inserting them in tables. This microscope is also able to hold a comparison between ratios of these chemical items to recognize differences and similarities between them.
  2. An istrumnet for drying biological samples (CPD).
  3.  A unit  for coating samples using carbon or gold. Therefore, these samples could be used in all biological and industrial applications , mining, soil analysis , materials analysis, checking crystals , checking tissues and identifying external structures with a maximization reaching 300.000 degrees. In addition, it is available to print images directly; inhance images or transit these images to other programmes/softwares on the computer. Advantages of x-Rays unit using the scanning electronic microscope include higher sensitivity for lighter items such as Boron and Sodium. This is due to being more efficient than the tube of X-rays.

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Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDXRF) :

This instrument is not destructive for the sample. It addition, it could do the qualitivative and quantitative analysis of items from Sodium to Uranium. Other Advantages of this instrument include the following points:

  • 1. This instrument doesn’t require much preparation for the sample.
  • 2. Results could be obtained within a very short time.
  • 3. It could measure concentration of fewer molecules per million reaching percentage of (100%).
  • 4. It could also measure solid, powdered and liquid samples (which require special preparation).
  • 5.The samples that could be analysed include the following samples:
  • a. Metals, components of machines, jwelleries.
  • b.Rocks, metal materials, soil.
  • c. Glass, ceramics, cement.
  • d.Foods, fertilizers, bolymers.
  • e. Cosmetics, tints, inks and paints.
  • f.Plants, vegetables, smoke.
  • g. Industrial wastes, shes.
  • h. It could also measure thickness of the cating (which be be done using the scanning microscope).
  • i. Drinking water, mineral water, industrial wastes water.
  • j.Oils and grease.
  • k.This instrument could also be used for identifying quality of materials, controlling quality of manufacturing and other applications which are mentioned above.

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Instrument of Cromatographic Analysis and Seperation (HPLC):

This instrument is a (KNAUER). In addition, this instrument is considered one of the most accurate and fast modern techniques for separation and analysis of samples. This program/software of this instrument has also multiple capabilities to obtain the results as required by the researcher(s). These capabilities include: ability of selecting and consisting parts, controlling these parts according to the method of separation installed on the computer. This instrument could also collecting the resulting samples whether by time , or by point or by the constituent/component itself.

Furthermore, this unit hasd been developed through adding carbohydrates investigation unit in light fracture laboratories as well as adding columns for analyzing carbohydrates and other supplementaries.

Some applications:

  1. Separating constituents/components of chemical, medical samples and identifying concentrations of each constituent/component (which could be a fraction of a million).
  2. Qualitative and quantitative analysis for (proteins- Biological liquids- medical cures).
  3.  Collecting and gathering samples after being checked for doing other analyses.
  4.  Addition of new carbohydraets separation columns that could analyse carbohydrates quantitatively and qulatitatively.

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(Research microscope & Image analysis system):

It is a microscope of very adnaced capabilities for checking slides and transition of these slides to the computer attached to it. This microscope could also control the analysis and enhancement of iamges as well as doing quantitative analysis and measurments. This microscope is a (LIECA) microscope.

  • This microscope is connected to a video camera and a camera (35 mml).
  • This microscope has a maximaization ability that reaches (1000 times) for checking all types of cells including micronbiologies.
  • The computer connected to the microscope has for systems for enhancing images including, for example, a program/software for storing and printing images on sensitive papers which is acceptable for international publication. It could also save these images on CDs or Lazer discs. It is also available to make an archieve for sample images being checked which could be restored for printing using a video printer or a colour printer.

Usages of  (Research microscope & Image analysis system):

  • Checking and copying tissues, animal and palnts tissues.
  • Checking water samples for recognizing microbiological pollution.
  • Measuring, comparing and analyzing images, adding writing to images, measuring images using micrometer, enhancing images whether using white or black colours, using several degrees of colours and differentiating between different cells. This is in addition to other scientific and practical applications of the microscope.

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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy:

This instrument is a (VARIAN) – model: SpectraAA.

    It is one of the recently added instrumnets to instruments of the central laboratory. This instrument is used for estimating concentration of items in several liquid samples. It is available to estimate the following items at the central laboratory:

Na, Cu, Fe, Mo, Cr, Mg, Co, Ca, Pb, As, K, Al, Ag, Li, Hg, Sn, Mn, Cd, Zn, Si, Sr

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Instrument of Gas Chromatographic Analysis and Seperation (GC):

 Instrument of Gas Chromatographic Analysis (GC):

–         Model: Perkin Elmer GC1200.

–         This instrument is able to analyse several samples; particullary for serving environmental applications such as:

ð Analysis of organic materials in drinking water, dissolvents in water and artificial or industrial mixtures.

ð Fatty Acids, analyzing petroleum and several environmental uses.

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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR):

     This instrument is a (Jasco) – Model: (FT/IR – 4100). It is used for checking and identifying chemical compounds based on using Fourier Transform Infrared for identifying active groups of several chemical mixtures. This instrunment is considered supplementary for other methods of identification such as: NMR. In additions, it consumes fewer milligrams of the sample being checked.

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X-ray diffraction (XRD):

  It is a (XRD) instrument, model: (EMMA), its producing company is (GBC). This instrument is used for analyzing crystal solid materials using x-rays to identify and realize the following chemical features/chracteristics:

  1.  Identifying the crystal shape of chemicals.
  2. Measuring shape and size of chemicals.
  3. Determing and identififying (d-space) of layers inside crystals.
  4. Giving names and type of chemicals according to their crystal shape.
  5. This instrument is also used to analyse all crystals whether in the form of (powder) or (thin film).
  6. This instrument is supplemented with a (TRACES) program/software for analyzing results according to (international Cenre for Diffraction Data) (ICDD).

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Microbiology Laboratory:

A full microbiology laboratory has recently been added for doing microbiological analyses of water and other several samples. This laboratory is also for estimating the total number of bacteria, colon bacteria and other samples.

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Analysis of water and soil:

This microbiology laboratory is also prepared for analyzing the following chemicals through using functional analysis; this includes analyzing and checking the following:  Copper- Magnisium – Maganese – soplphates – netrate- ammonium- Amonia – Carbonates – Clorhydes – Aluminium – Chrome. In addition, it is also available to do the the microbiological analysis for investigating pollution or drinking or irrigation or waste water. This is done through using the bacteriology laboratory in Botany Department. This unit has also been developed after adding an instrument for analyzing chemicals using X-rays which could be done through analysis of (Na11 – U92) as has previously been explained.

Moreover, there are other supplementary instruments in the microbiology laboratory for measuring the following:

  • (PH).
  • Coductivity/ TDS.
  • Ration of melted Oxygen   and Consumed Oxygen (BOD) & (COD).
  • Total hardness of water.

Supplementary Instruments:

The microbiology laboratory includes othr supplementary and aiding instruments which could be used by different researchers. These supplementary instrumnets include the following:

  •  (Cooling centrifuge) of (18000 cycle/minute).
  • (Zeiss) researches microscope without camera.
  •  Ultra-sound wave’s bath.
  •  (PH) measurement instruments.
  •  (Water deionizer) according to the required conductivity degree.

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New expansions in the central laboratory:

The central laboratory is being expanded. Now, the central laboratory occupies the first floor and the badroom of classes building at Faculty of science located opposite to the University hotel. The following items have also been added:

  • A studio and a laboratory for printing photos.
  • A digital photography studio for serving all the teaching staff, students and the whole Upper Egyptian community.
  •  A digital laboratory for printing photos for delivering photos within 24 hours and for printing several films. This could be done in different measurments reaching (30X40 cms). It is also updated with all abilities of enhancing photos, adding backgrounds, printing from different means such as CDs, flash-cards, etc.

·        Lectures and Training courses Classes:

A large training class for training courses, workshops, symposiums which is preaperd and updated with all means. This class is sufficient for about 150-200 people.